Navigating Linguistic Diversity: English as a Lingua Franca in Peshawar's Multilingual Landscape

Abstract

This research explores the impact of English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) on the linguistic and cultural dynamics of Pashtoon society, with a focus on the Peshawar region. Using qualitative interviews, the study examines how English influences language practices, identity formation, and socio-economic opportunities within Pashtun communities. Findings show that English proficiency facilitates access to higher education, employment, and transnational mobility, yet it also deepens urban-rural inequalities due to uneven distribution of quality education and English language resources. While English is often pursued for upward mobility, especially by urban youth, Pashto remains a powerful symbol of cultural heritage—reflecting shared history, oral traditions, values, and communal solidarity. The research underscores the tension between these two linguistic forces and highlights the urgent need for balanced multilingual policies that foster bilingual education, preserve indigenous cultural expression, and expand equitable access to language learning. By capturing the dual impact of ELF, the study offers contextually grounded insights to inform inclusive and culturally sustainable language planning.