Cyberstalking Legal Frameworks in the Digital Age: A Comparative Analysis of the United Kingdom, United States of America and Pakistan

2025-04-17T08:56:38+00:00

Cyberstalking has become one of the most communal subjects in the digital world, creating a pressing need for sound legal frameworks to address its complexities and mitigate harm to victims. This research conducts a comparative analysis of cyberstalking laws in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Pakistan to evaluate the efficacy, scope, and enforcement of existing legislation. In the United States, federal and state laws, such as the Interstate Communications Act of 2012 and the Protection from Harassment Act, address various aspects of cyberstalking, including harassment, threats, and extortion. Similarly, the United Kingdom’s Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 and Online Safety Act 2023 provide a more advanced framework, with provisions for both minor and severe offenses, focusing on accountability. On the other hand, Pakistan’s Prevention of Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) 2016 barely covers cyberstalking issues and primarily deals with the misuse of electronic communication. This study highlights the critical gaps in Pakistan’s legal structure and analyzes how legislation developed in the United States and the United Kingdom could inform reforms. By emphasizing international best practices, this research aims to contribute toward creating more comprehensive cyberstalking laws in Pakistan that enhance victim protection and align with global standards.

Coordination between Federal and Provincial Governments in Implementing the National Action Plan (NAP): Challenges and Successes

2025-04-24T10:27:32+00:00

The National Counter Terrorism Action Plan (NAP) introduced in 2014 is a major policy of the Government of Pakistan for counter-terrorism with multi sector representation from federal and provincial authorities. This study explores the structural, political and operating issues that emerge in this relationship and assesses the difficulties and achievements of realising the security objectives of NAP. Due to the use of qualitative data collection techniques, this study aims to explore the various plans and challenges the federal and provincial authorities undergo when implementing NAP. This paper describes how all these governmental layers work together towards the achievement of NAP security objectives while identifying documented integration scenarios that have positively impacted security. Moreover, the study gives examples of the federal and provincial government cooperation in the fight against the threats, showing that this cooperation helps to achieve the results in increasing people’s safety and decreasing terrorism occurrences. Also, this study provides prescription on how to enhance intergovernmental relations for better counter-terrorism operations. The following recommendations are intended to enhance better coordinated policy adoption and implementation to meet present and future counter-terrorism threats. Finally, the study helps to provide important conclusions for increasing efficiency of federal-provincial cooperation within the context of NAP, which points to the crucial importance of increased communication, exchange of resources, and development of the federal strategy for counter-terrorism in provinces.

The Lighthouse Journal of Social Sciences

Cyberstalking Legal Frameworks in the Digital Age: A Comparative Analysis of the United Kingdom, United States of America and Pakistan

Coordination between Federal and Provincial Governments in Implementing the National Action Plan (NAP): Challenges and Successes