Government Legislation and Policy Initiatives for Climate Change Adaptation in Pakistan in 21st Century: Challenges, Gaps, and Recommendations

Abstract

Pakistan confronts serious climate challenges even with a negligible contribution to global emissions. This study looks into Pakistani government policies and laws pertaining to adapting to climate change in the twenty-first century. Even if programs like the Ten Billion Tree Tsunami Initiative and the National Climate Change Policy highlight efforts, there are still obstacles and inadequacies. Key obstacles identified by the analysis are insufficient financial resources, poor institutional capability, and inconsistent policies within and among policies. Furthermore, the article emphasizes the need for more inclusive participation by vulnerable groups and the inadequate integration of climate issues into larger development plans. The article makes suggestions for improving Pakistan's adaption strategy in light of this assessment. These include prioritizing inclusive and community-driven adaptation methods, obtaining sustainable funding, and developing inter-sectoral collaboration, strengthening institutional capacity, and streamlining policies. Pakistan has the potential to create a more resilient future in the face of climate change by tackling these issues and putting the suggested ideas into practice. This paper has a qualitative policy/ document analysis for federal and provincial climate change policies.